Hybrid models refer to a combination of two or more different types of models, typically combining both theoretical and empirical approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon or problem. These models may integrate different methods such as mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, machine learning techniques, and expert knowledge to achieve a more accurate and robust analysis. Hybrid models are commonly used in various fields such as finance, economics, engineering, and environmental science to capture the complexity of real-world systems and make better predictions or decisions. By combining the strengths of different modeling approaches, hybrid models can leverage the benefits of each method while mitigating their individual limitations, resulting in more reliable and actionable insights. Overall, hybrid models offer a flexible and powerful tool for researchers and practitioners to address complex problems by combining diverse sources of information and expertise in a synergistic manner.